Gastric Sleeve Leak: Signs, Symptoms, and When to Seek Emergency Care

Every surgical procedure carries some risk, including bariatric surgery. Although uncommon, a gastric sleeve leak is one of the most serious complications that can occur after sleeve gastrectomy.

Most gastric sleeve leaks happen within the first week after surgery, which is why close post-operative monitoring and early symptom recognition are critical. Prompt treatment significantly improves outcomes.

What Is a Gastric Sleeve Leak?

During gastric sleeve surgery, the stomach is reshaped into a narrow tube using surgical staples. A gastric sleeve leak occurs when a small opening develops along the staple line, allowing stomach contents to leak into the abdominal cavity.

This leakage can lead to:

• Severe infection
• Abscess formation
• Sepsis (a life-threatening response to infection)

Although rare, a gastric sleeve leak is considered a medical emergency.

Common Signs and Symptoms of a Gastric Sleeve Leak

Symptoms can vary and may resemble other post-operative issues, which is why vigilance is important.

Common warning signs include:

• Rapid heart rate (tachycardia)
• Fever or chills
• Abdominal pain or tenderness
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Low blood pressure
• Decreased urine output
• Abdominal swelling or bloating
• Drainage from a surgical incision
• Left shoulder or chest pain (referred pain)

If you experience multiple symptoms or worsening pain, seek medical attention immediately.

How Is a Gastric Sleeve Leak Diagnosed?

There is no single test that definitively diagnoses a gastric sleeve leak. Your surgeon may use a combination of:

• Physical examination
• Blood tests to assess infection
• Imaging studies such as:
  • CT scan with contrast
  • Upper GI contrast study

If imaging is inconclusive but suspicion remains high, exploratory surgery may be necessary.

How Is a Gastric Sleeve Leak Treated?

Treatment depends on the severity and timing of the leak, but often includes:

• Hospital admission
• IV antibiotics to control infection
• Surgical or endoscopic intervention, such as:
  • Temporary stent placement via endoscopy
  • Surgical repair of the staple line

Healing typically takes several weeks, with close follow-up and nutritional support.

When to Seek Emergency Care

Call your surgeon or go to the emergency room immediately if you experience:

• Rapid heart rate with fever
• Severe or worsening abdominal pain
• Shortness of breath
• Signs of infection or sepsis

Early treatment can be life-saving.

How to Reduce the Risk of a Gastric Sleeve Leak

While leaks cannot always be prevented, risk is reduced by:

• Choosing an experienced bariatric surgeon
• Following all post-operative instructions
• Attending scheduled follow-up visits
• Reporting symptoms early

Surgeon experience and structured aftercare play a significant role in minimizing complications.

The Bottom Line

A gastric sleeve leak is rare, but it is a serious complication that requires immediate medical attention. Knowing the warning signs and maintaining close communication with your bariatric team can make a critical difference in outcomes.

At BASS Bariatric Surgery Center, our surgeons have performed bariatric procedures since 2002 and provide comprehensive aftercare to ensure patient safety and long-term success.

With locations in Walnut Creek and Brentwood, our team is here to support you every step of the way.

Schedule a consultation today to learn more about gastric sleeve surgery and post-operative care.